503 research outputs found
influence of pathogen species and ESBL production on 7-day mortality
In a previous study, we demonstrated prolonged length of hospital stay in
cases of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive K. pneumoniae
bacteremia compared to bacteremia cases due to E. coli (ESBL-positive and
–negative) and ESBL-negative K. pneumoniae. The overall mortality was
significantly higher in bacteremia cases resulting from ESBL-positive
pathogens but also in K. pneumoniae cases disregarding ESBL-production. In
order to examine whether pathogen species rather than multidrug resistance
might affect mortality risk, we reanalyzed our dataset that includes 1.851
cases of bacteremia
On the local structure of Lorentzian Einstein manifolds with parallel distribution of null lines
We study transformations of coordinates on a Lorentzian Einstein manifold
with a parallel distribution of null lines and show that the general Walker
coordinates can be simplified. In these coordinates, the full Lorentzian
Einstein equation is reduced to equations on a family of Einstein Riemannian
metrics.Comment: Dedicated to Dmitri Vladimirovich Alekseevsky on his 70th birthda
Regional distribution of nosocomial infections due to ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae in Germany: data from the German National Reference Center for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections (KISS)
AbstractSurveillance systems for hospital infections are reporting increasing rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. We aimed to perform a national survey on this trend and on the regional distribution of nosocomial infections due to ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae in German hospitals. Data from 2007 to 2012 from two components of the German national nosocomial infection surveillance system were used for this analysis. The data derive from intensive care units and surgical departments. Independent factors determining the proportion of ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae among nosocomial infections due to Enterobacteriaceae and changes in its regional distribution (broken down into German federal states) were calculated by regression analysis. From 2007 to 2012, the data showed a significantly increasing proportion of ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae in surgical site infections (from 11.46 to 15.38, 134%, p 0.003), urinary tract infections (9.36 to 16.56, 177%, p <0.001) and lower respiratory tract infections (11.91 to 14.70, 123%, p <0.001) due to Enterobacteriaceae. Factors independently associated with a growing proportion were: Thuringia (p 0.009; odds ratio (OR) 1.53), North Rhine-Westphalia (p <0.001; OR 1.41) and general surgery ward (p 0.002; OR 1.47). The proportion of ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae in nosocomial infections has significantly increased in Germany over the last 6 years. Hospitals in Central Germany and surgical departments in all of Germany are especially affected by this development
The onset and dynamics of avalanches in a rotating cylinder: From experimental data to a new geometric model
Particle image velocimetry has been applied to measure particle velocities on
the free surface of a bed of particles within a rotating cylinder during
avalanching. The particle velocities were used to examine the validity of
existing avalanche models and to propose an alternative model. The movement of
particles depends on their location on the surface of the bed: particles
located near the center of the bed travel the farthest, while the distance
travelled decreases at an increasing rate for particles located farther from
the center. The start of an avalanche can be determined to a single initiation
point, that can also be located on the bottom half of the bed; the avalanche
quickly propagates through the entire free surface, with 90% of the surface in
motion within 257 ms. The experimental insight is used to formulate a new
geometric model, in which three equal sized sections flow down the bed during
an avalanche. The predictions of the model are confirmed by experimental mixing
measurements
PEEPS: A Relational Framework for Incorporating Resilience Into Community-Based Programming for Youth
Youth in communities across the world are exposed to adversity and trauma at high levels. In this article, we describe a research-informed, resilience-promoting framework that can be incorporated into a variety of touch points for youth (e.g., school, family, community, extra-curricular activities). The PEEPS Framework is relational in nature and includes the following five interconnected components: (a) positive adult relationships, (b) esteem, (c) empathy, (d) peer relationships, and (e) strengths-based approach. We outline the research that supports each component, describe how we are currently implementing the PEEPS framework in the form of a volunteer training, and offer research-based suggestions for implementation and tools that other professionals can utilize
Holonomy of Einstein Lorentzian manifolds
The classification of all possible holonomy algebras of Einstein and vacuum
Einstein Lorentzian manifolds is obtained. It is shown that each such algebra
appears as the holonomy algebra of an Einstein (resp., vacuum Einstein)
Lorentzian manifold, the direct constructions are given. Also the holonomy
algebras of totally Ricci-isotropic Lorentzian manifolds are classified. The
classification of the holonomy algebras of Lorentzian manifolds is reviewed and
a complete description of the spaces of curvature tensors for these holonomies
is given.Comment: Dedicated to to Mark Volfovich Losik on his 75th birthday. This
version is an extended part of the previous version; another part of the
previous version is extended and submitted as arXiv:1001.444
Parallelisable Heterotic Backgrounds
We classify the simply-connected supersymmetric parallelisable backgrounds of
heterotic supergravity. They are all given by parallelised Lie groups admitting
a bi-invariant lorentzian metric. We find examples preserving 4, 8, 10, 12, 14
and 16 of the 16 supersymmetries.Comment: 17 pages, AMSLaTe
Patenting and licensing of university research: promoting innovation or undermining academic values?
Since the 1980s in the US and the 1990s in Europe, patenting and licensing activities by universities have massively increased. This is strongly encouraged by governments throughout the Western world. Many regard academic patenting as essential to achieve 'knowledge transfer' from academia to industry. This trend has far-reaching consequences for access to the fruits of academic research and so the question arises whether the current policies are indeed promoting innovation or whether they are instead a symptom of a pro-intellectual property (IP) culture which is blind to adverse effects. Addressing this question requires both empirical analysis (how real is the link between academic patenting and licensing and 'development' of academic research by industry?) and normative assessment (which justifications are given for the current policies and to what extent do they threaten important academic values?). After illustrating the major rise of academic patenting and licensing in the US and Europe and commenting on the increasing trend of 'upstream' patenting and the focus on exclusive as opposed to non-exclusive licences, this paper will discuss five negative effects of these trends. Subsequently, the question as to why policymakers seem to ignore these adverse effects will be addressed. Finally, a number of proposals for improving university policies will be made
Ambient metrics for -dimensional -waves
We provide an explicit formula for the Fefferman-Graham-ambient metric of an
-dimensional conformal -wave in those cases where it exists. In even
dimensions we calculate the obstruction explicitly. Furthermore, we describe
all 4-dimensional -waves that are Bach-flat, and give a large class of
Bach-flat examples which are conformally Cotton-flat, but not conformally
Einstein. Finally, as an application, we use the obtained ambient metric to
show that even-dimensional -waves have vanishing critical -curvature.Comment: 17 pages, in v2 footnote and references added and typos corrected, in
v3 remark in the Introduction about Brinkmann's results corrected and
footnote adde
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